Kumiterere ya ruswa yibyuma bitandukanye

Dukurikije imibare, ibikoresho byuma nibikoresho byavanyweho kubera ingese yicyuma buri mwaka bingana na 30% byibyuma. Igihombo cyumwaka giterwa ningese zicyuma mubushinwa gishobora kugera kuri miliyari zirenga 100. Uyu munsi tuzagaragaza uko ingese yibyuma bitandukanye. Ibiranga kwangirika kwicyuma biterwa nubwoko bwicyuma nibidukikije bigaragariramo. Mubisanzwe, hariho ibyobo byangirika, ibara cyangwa impinduka zijimye, nibicuruzwa byinshi kandi bidakabije.

1 Ibiranga ruswa yibyuma nicyuma

Iyo utangiye kubora, hejuru yicyuma kijimye, ingese yijimye yijimye yijimye, kandi iterambere rizahinduka umuhondo wijimye cyangwa umuhondo, hamwe ninkovu zikomeye zijimye cyangwa umukara cyangwa se ibyobo byangirika. Nyuma yo gukuraho ibicuruzwa byangirika, hepfo yijimye yijimye hamwe nimpande zidasanzwe.

Ibara ry'ibicuruzwa byangirika:
Fe (OH) 3: umuhondo; Fe3O4: umukara; FeO (OH): umukara; Fe2O3: umutuku; FeS: umukara; FeCl3: umukara wijimye; FeCl2: icyatsi kibisi
Ibice by'ibyuma bivurwa n'ubururu (okiside) na fosifati

Mubisanzwe ni umuhondo wijimye wijimye, kandi bimwe bisa nkibiboneka. Imiterere yibicuruzwa byangirika ni kimwe nicyuma gisanzwe nicyuma. Kuberako ubuso bwicyuma ari ubururu cyangwa imvi nyuma yo guhuzwa na fosifate, ibara ryibicuruzwa byangirika byimbitse.
3 Umuringa n'umuringa

Kwangirika kwumuringa ni icyatsi, kandi hariho na orange umutuku cyangwa umutuku. Ingese ya bronze ya aluminiyumu irashobora kuba igicucu cyera, icyatsi kibisi cyangwa umukara. Mubihe bikomeye, byerekana ibibanza cyangwa ibibyimba. Nyuma yo gukuraho ibicuruzwa byicyatsi kibisi, hari ibyobo hepfo. Kwangirika kw'umuringa w'isasu rimwe na rimwe byera, kandi kwangirika k'umuringa rimwe na rimwe kwera, umuhondo wijimye, icyatsi cyangwa umukara.

Ibara ryibicuruzwa byumuringa:
CuO: umukara; CuS: umukara; Cu2O: orange-umutuku; CuCl2: icyatsi; Cu (OH) 2 · CuCO3: icyatsi